PROGRAM Master of Public Administration COURSE CODETITLE Public Person

PROGRAM: Master of Public Administration COURSE CODE/TITLE: Public Personnel Administration / PA 222 PRESENTED BY: Marvin C. Bustamante PRESENTED TO: Dr. Yolanda I. Camaya ________________________________________ UNIT II. PUBLIC PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT Personnel management - defined as obtaining, using and maintaining a satisfied workforce. It is a significant part of management concerned with employees at work and with their relationship within the organization. According to Flippo, Personnel management is the planning, organizing, compensation, integration and maintenance of people for the purpose of contributing to organizational, individual and societal goals. According to Brech, Personnel Management is that part which is primarily concerned with human resource of organization. PERSONNEL FUNCTIONS MORALE AND MOTIVATION MORALE: Also known as 'esprit de corps' (Henri Fayol's fourteenth principle of administration) is the amount of confidence felt by a person or group of people, especially when in a dangerous or difficult situation at work/organization. A high morale person will not be afraid from taking up challenges and accept orders. Whereas a low morale person will have limited attention of work and not be open to accept orders. The morale of a person shows his overall adaptability to the overall organizational situation. An employee keeps doing an individual assessment of his work and his organizations status in society and his work environment and management's attitudes towards him and after assessing all this he reaches conclusions as to how to proceed. If his assessment comes out positive then he experiences high morale, but if it comes out negative then he experiences low morale and this can be made out by his behavior and attitude towards his work mentioned above. It is considered as a group phenomenon as mostly employees in a group tend to feel the same way and the factors they take into consideration is used by everyone while doing their own individual assessments. Corruption in administration has a very negative impact on morale of the workforce. Employees seeing no way out tend to have no initiative and lack of will and desire to perform their jobs with optimum energy. MOTIVATION: Motivation is the enthusiasm or reason for doing something. Frederick Herzberg, Abraham Maslow, David McClelland and David McGregor are major contributors to the motivation theory. Motivation is specific to an individual and is almost always an individual phenomena. There are three reasons/aspects to motivation or the lack of it: 1)Needs: These are deficiencies that a person does not have but wants to have. 2)Drives: These are action oriented and provide energy thrust towards goal achievement. Its the very heart of motivational process. 3)Goals: Incentives or pay offs that provide private satisfaction but reinforce the everlasting chain of needs. TYPES OF MOTIVATION: 1)Incentive and position incentive: Helps fulfill the four P's of motivation of employees - Praise, prestige, promotion and paycheck. 2)Negative or fear motivation: This trend is mostly no longer used. It is when a person is coerced into doing a job because he is fearful of consequences if he does not do it. 3)Extrinsic motivation: Pay promotion, status, fringe benefits, retirement plans, holidays/vacations, etc. This motivation is largely monetary in scope. 4)Intrinsic motivation: Feeling of having accomplished something that is worthwhile. It is symbolized by praise, responsibility, recognition, esteem, status, competition and participation. 5)Financial motivation: salary, bonus, profit sharing, leave with pay, etc. 6)Non- financial motivations: Non-financial/monetary in nature. Job enlargement, job rotation, job loading or more responsibility, Job enrichment, Job security, delegation of authority, status and pride, praise and recognition, competition and participation, etc. LABOR MANAGEMENT RELATIONS From EO 292 SEC. 36. Personnel Relations. (1) It shall be the concern of the Commission to provide leadership and assistance in developing employee relations programs in the department or agencies. (2) Every Secretary or head of agency shall take all proper steps toward the creation of an atmosphere conducive to good supervisor-employee relations and the improvement of employee morale. Role of Personnel Manager Personnel manager is the head of personnel department. He performs both managerial and operative functions of management. His role can be summarized as: 1)Personnel manager provides assistance to top management- The top management are the people who decide and frame the primary policies of the concern. All kinds of policies related to personnel or workforce can be framed out effectively by the personnel manager. 2)He advices the line manager as a staff specialist- Personnel manager acts like a staff advisor and assists the line managers in dealing with various personnel matters. 3)As a

Production and Sale of Cigarettes Should Be Made Illegal

Production and Sale of Cigarettes Should Be Made Illegal Criminalize Cigarette Smoking Now! It used to be that everyone smoked. Seriously, 50 years ago, Americans (and those in many other countries around the world) smoked cigarettes like the world was ending. It was what people did; instead of killing time by playing on their iPhones, people used to light up. Rarely, then, would you see a group of people at a table without a cloud of smoke hovering over the table. Well, things have changed quite a bit in the last half-century; the use of cigarettes is less ubiquitous. Things have changed for the better, the healthier, that’s for sure. Today, one could argue that the production and sale of cigarettes should be made illegal, and with good reason. One reason to criminalize the production, sale and consumption of cigarettes is due to the fact that smoking tobacco has no medical value whatsoever. Research and science says its use is a major cause of cancer and other problems, such as heart disease, diabetes, emphysema, chronic bronchitis and others. Some people, on the contrary, smoke their entire lives without so much as a bad cough – but they are in the minority. Moderate alcohol consumption, rather, has been shown to thin blood, lower the heart rate and relax people. Tobacco does the complete opposite. The consumption and production and sale of tobacco should be made illegal because it’s quite unhealthy – more than that, it’s kills millions of people around the world each year. Secondly, tobacco is very addictive. Its main chemical is nicotine, a toxic colorless or yellowish, oily liquid, the chief active constituent of tobacco. It acts as a stimulant in small doses, but in larger amounts, it blocks the action of autonomic nerve and skeletal muscle cells. It’s so addictive that seasoned smokers can’t often go but just a few hours without a smoke and withdrawal symptoms are quite intense, though not as harsh as alcohol and opiates. If something is so addictive that people can’t go long without it and so addictive that people struggle for a lifetime trying to quit, then something so detrimental to one’s health should be made illegal, and not just illegal in a small sense: Repercussion for its use, possession, production and sale should result in dire penalties like extreme fines, jail time and criminal proceedings. Lastly, cigarette smokers often begin smoking in their adolescent years, when they’re caving in to peer pressure and a desire for popularity. They see the â€Å"cool kids† doing it, actors in films and TV shows smoking cigarettes – and they see people in everyday life doing it, too, mostly at public places, like benches, parks, outside of restaurants – all over their community. And so they think it is okay, like having a few drinks like adults do. But moderate alcohol consumption in adults has not been proven to affect one’s health negatively. Nonetheless, teens are impressionable and can’t make the best decisions on their own; that’s why they can’t vote or own a gun. They would be just too immature to consider their future and its negative consequences. Teens just don’t think about these things. Well, if the production and sale of cigarettes were to be made illegal, fewer teens would be seeking cigarettes, and less peopl e would begin smoking this addictive, unhealthy substance in the first place. They would not see it, so they would not want it. It’s something we don’t need, and this notion pertains especially to adolescents, who aren’t ready to think about their long-term health, their futures as grandparents, fathers and spouses. To conclude this argument, that the production and sale (and maybe even its possession and usage) of cigarettes be made illegal, it’s important to consider the facts: Tobacco is very unhealthy – it kills people; nicotine is heavily addictive, and young people want to do it. So, of course, fewer people are smoking today. But we’re forgetting one very important fact about smoking: how disgusting it is. Have you ever smoked? It’s pretty gross. The smoke smells like last night’s dinner burning to a black crisp on the kitchen stove, mixed with a long-decomposing corpse. On top of that, it turns your teeth, tongue and smoking fingertips the nasty, yellowish color of the nicotine. Even worse – a smoker’s clothes and hair always have the foul odor of stale cigarettes. These are just a few more reasons explaining why the production and sale of cigarettes should be made illegal in America.

By 1918 there was general agreement that a League Essays - Structure

By 1918 there was general agreement that a League of Nations should be established. The key articles of the actual covenant (constitution) spelled out the role of the league in identifying and addressing threats to peace, the settlement of disputes, and the imposition of sanctions against states violating international agreements. These articles occasioned limited disagreement. Participating nations also generally agreed that the league should be made up of an executive council, a deliberative assembly, and an administrative secretariat, but they disagreed over the exact function and makeup of these bodies. In an early draft of the covenant, membership of the council was restricted to the Great Powers and any smaller nation-states that the Great Powers chose to invite. However, the formulation that eventually prevailed designated the Great Powers as permanent members of the council while small powers had nonpermanent membership. The operation and membership of the assembly, which was the model for the General Assembly of the United Nations after 1945, was also a subject of some debate. In fact, its overall operation and significance was really only worked out in subsequent years. The administrative secretariat, set up as a coordinating and administrative body, was a less divisive issue. Its power was grounded entirely in the council and the assembly. The headquarters of the league were in Geneva, Switzerland, where the secretariat prepared reports and agendas. The assembly, which was made up of representatives of all the member governments, set policy and met on an annual basis. Britain, France, Italy, and Japan held permanent membership in the council, which met more regularly than the assembly. All decisions taken by the council and the assembly had to be unanimous if they were to be binding. The league also included a number of subsidiary organizations. One of these, the International Labor Organization (ILO) was a specific response to the Russian Revolution . It was hoped that the ILO would appease some of the more radical tendencies within the trade union movement in various parts of the world and curtail the attractions of international communism. A Permanent Court of International Justice was also set up, as well as a range of commissions that dealt with issues such as refugees, health, drugs, and child welfare. At the time of its foundation in 1919 the league had forty-two member governments. This increased to fifty-five by 1926; however, the failure of the United States to become a member contributed significantly to the decline of the organization by the 1930s. Meanwhile, Germany only became a member in 1926 and withdrew in 1933, while the Soviet Union was only a member from 1934 to 1939. The Japanese government departed in 1933, and the Italian government ended its association with the league in 1937.

The Role Of Books In Human Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Role Of Books In Human Life - Essay Example   Of course, school books at that time were more important, but I simultaneously developed a liking towards storybooks. I got my reading habit mostly from my elder sister who is four years older than me. She has always been a bookworm. She was a good student at school and I have always seen her studying for long hours. Other than school books she was an avid reader of children's novels and short stories. For her birthdays she used to request our relatives to gift her with books. Her birthday falls four days ahead of me and as a result, both our birthdays were celebrated on the same day. I remember she used to get piles of books and for the next few weeks, I used to see her absorbed in those books. Whenever she finished with one book she used to give me that book and told me to read it. Initially, I showed little interest in reading any books other than school books, but gradually as she encouraged me to read I started reading short bedtime stories by children’s authors. My i nterest slowly developed in books but I was the founder of watching movies than reading books. As we grew up and started attending high school I could see my sister's love for books grow with time. I still remember she bought the membership in a local circulating library when she was in the eleventh standard. Every week she used to borrow two to three books and then she spent long hours into the night to read them. Those days I used to find it difficult to comprehend how one can lose sleep for books.... But the book which turned me into a serious reader was handed over to me by my sister when I was in the ninth standard. It was Doctors by an American author Erich Segal. The book grabbed my attention from the very first page and as soon as I finished it I wanted to read more books of the same author. From that day onwards my sister used to borrow books from the library both for her and for me. As I read more books of Erich Segal, my love for books grew rapidly. I found myself getting more interested in novels rather than short stories. I developed my interest in fiction novels. Non-fiction and classics never grabbed my interest. My Favourite Author I have read hundreds of books in my lifetime. I have read books of every genre like adventure, romance, thrillers, comedy and even horror. My favourite author is a British writer Jeffrey Archer. I have read almost all his books including the latest one Only Time Will Tell. The unexpected twists and turns in his books and the fact that the characters are never larger than life are what I find most engrossing. The Book that influenced me the most Although I mostly admire books of Jeffrey Archer, but the book that has left a lasting effect on me is Love Story by an American author Erich Segal. Segal’s books are always rich with emotions. Love Story is a novel based on two people Oliver and Jennifer from completely different family backgrounds. They are bonded by the strong love that they feel for each other. It is a story how they meet and then very soon fall in love with each other. They get married even though Oliver’s father was dead against the marriage. Later on Jennifer gets terminally ill and dies at the end of the book. It also portrayed the various attempts of Jennifer to unite the father with his

Maintaining and Creating Digital Data Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Maintaining and Creating Digital Data - Essay Example The sharing of data could be identified in terms of technological and organizational data. Data sharing by an organization is the free utility of another entity’s data in the automated or manual form. On the other hand, technological sharing of data is the potential to have one data of an agency used by a different type of automated system. The current demand for a database that is shared has been justified due to the increased hurdles in the establishment of a nationwide system and policy that follows a shared policy database. The scenario may become difficult and complicated in a political and geographical situation that occurred in India. The increasing realization of the rewards of the toe shared database organizations and authorities in India have been paying increased attention towards this direction. The establishment of the national infrastructure spatial database for the country is one of the efforts. Qatar is one country that has set nationwide GIS within the country . This is known as the first nation that adopted a nationwide policy of GIS that has been a model for different enterprise in the entire world. In fact, the Qatar nationwide GIS and the lesson from the successful implementation motivated the development of the NSDI in   Qatar is a country that lies in the continent of the central Asian. The country lies on the Saudi Arabia eastern coast, next to the Arabian Gulf. It is a small country falling in the 26 10 and 24 27 latitudes north and the 51 40 and 50 45 longitudes East covering about a space of 11521kn squared. Qatar’s territorial waters extend approximately 51 nautical miles north and 95 nautical miles east of the Arabian Gulf. The country has about 533 thousand residents according to the census in 1997. This state is an independent state in Arab. It is a state that accepts the charter of the united nations that support the rights of all nations and peoples towards self-determination.

Tanglewood Measurement and Validation Essay Example for Free

Tanglewood Measurement and Validation Essay I would like to provide my insights into the staffing measurements and validation for the company. Briefly, the practical significance is the extent to which predictor adds value to prediction of job success. It is assessed by examining the sign and resulting magnitude which validities above .15 are of moderate usefulness and validities above .30 are of high usefulness. After reviewing the predictors of traditional selection which are education, work experience and interview score, the conclusion that I have derived is that the statistical significance of these scores are very medium, ranging from 0. 03 to 0.32 of all the areas. The strongest validities of the predictors happen to be work experience that measured against performance with a correlation of 0.22 with 0.01 p-value and 0.25 correlation and 0.01 p-value in promotion potential. Interview score, correlated the highest at the measure of promotion potential 0.32 with a p-value of 0.01. Factoring Tanglewood’s philosophies, the only measures which are meeting the strategy of the company in the old method are: work experience and interview score. But, Tanglewood conducted a pilot study based on the resonations of poor performance in which 10 of the stores based in the Seattle area where all administered new selection tools and they were further compared against the traditional selection method for statistical significance. This study contained 832 applicants for hirings in the Store associate positions. From the conclusion, I derive the highest validities came from the retail knowledge, biodata, applicant exam predicators. These measures rated the highest when it came to performance and promotion potential whereas the other factors remained low to medial (Citizenship/Absence). For the outcome that Tanglewood, is looking for I think the measures should be for hiring process should be: retail knowledge, biodata, and applicant exam.

nato and the united states :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The United States had an isolationist outlook on international policies during its early history. But that has changed, starting in the 20th century. The United States is now involved in many international organizations, including The North Atlantic Treaty Organization. â€Å"The North Atlantic Alliance was founded on the basis of a Treaty between member states entered into freely by each of them after public debate and due parliamentary process. The Treaty upholds their individual rights as well as their international obligations in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations. It commits each member country to sharing the risks and responsibilities as well as the benefits of collective security and requires of each of them the undertaking not to enter into any other international commitment which might conflict the Treaty†1. There is a now a debate in the United States over whether or not we have a place in the international community. Many say that the United States is only making things worse by interfering with other countries such as Iraq, but in reality the U.S. is helping throughout the world. How is it possible for people to live without freedoms and at least a small sense of peace? It’s not possible and that’s one of the main reasons that the United States plays and important role in the international community; the United States is bringing newfound freedoms to countries that have not previously known of them. We are also bringing a sense of peace and well being to those countries. The United States is meant to be involved in the international community.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The North Atlantic Treaty Organization is a regional defense alliance that was created by the North Atlantic Treaty. It original signatories include: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, the United Kingdom, Iceland, Italy, Luxemburg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, and the United States. Other countries were admitted later, including, Greece and Turkey, in 1952;West Germany, in 1955; Spain, in 1982; the newly unified Germany, in 1990; and Hungary, Poland, and the Czech Republic, in 1999. Today 19 nations are full members of the alliance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the years between 1939 and 1945, many western leaders believed the policies of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) threatened international stability and peace. Their forcible installation of Communist governments throughout Eastern Europe, territorial demands by the soviets, and their support of guerrilla war in Greece and regional separatism in Iran appeared to many as the first steps of World War III.